作者：曹永忠/vMaker
本篇是接續上篇文章『智慧家庭：PM2.5空氣感測器（電路設計上篇）』，延續未完成的硬體電路組裝下篇，教大家如何組立空氣粒子感測裝置電子電路組裝。上文中我們介紹空氣粒子感測裝置的開發板安裝、空氣懸浮粒子感測器安裝，麵包板安裝、溫溼度模組安裝、RTC 時鐘模組安裝…等等，本篇將介紹空氣懸浮粒子感測器、LCD 2004 顯示模組等電路安裝，並進行第一階段的整合測試。
安裝 RTC 時鐘模組
我們加入 RTC 時鐘模組，如下圖所示進行電路連接。
（圖 1）安裝 RTC 時鐘模組
由於時間因素對本設計是一個非常重要的因素，由於阿米巴開發板並沒有內置時間模組，所以我們加入 RTC 時鐘模組。所以增加下表之接腳表，讓讀者更加了解。
（表 1）RTC 時鐘模組接腳表（累加接腳表）
我們將下表之 PMS 3003 空氣懸浮粒子感測器測試程式一攥寫好之後，編譯完成後上傳到 Ameba 開發板。
（表 2）PMS 3003 空氣懸浮粒子感測器測試程式一
| PMS3003空氣懸浮粒子感測器測試程式一(PMS3003AirQualityV51A) |
| /*
This example demonstrate how to read pm2.5 value on PMS 3003 air condition sensor
PMS 3003 pin map is as follow: PIN1 :VCC, connect to 5V PIN2 :GND PIN3 :SET, 0:Standby mode, 1:operating mode PIN4 :RXD :Serial RX PIN5 :TXD :Serial TX PIN6 :RESET PIN7 :NC PIN8 :NC
In this example, we only use Serial to get PM 2.5 value.
The circuit: * RX is digital pin 0 (connect to TX of PMS 3003) * TX is digital pin 1 (connect to RX of PMS 3003)
*/ #define turnon HIGH #define turnoff LOW #include <WiFi.h> #include “PMType.h”
#include <Wire.h> // Arduino IDE 內建 // LCD I2C Library，從這裡可以下載： // https://bitbucket.org/fmalpartida/new-liquidcrystal/downloads #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include “RTClib.h” RTC_DS1307 RTC; //DateTime nowT = RTC.now();
uint8_t MacData[6];
SoftwareSerial mySerial(0, 1); // RX, TX IPAddress Meip ,Megateway ,Mesubnet ; String MacAddress ; int status = WL_IDLE_STATUS; boolean ParticleSensorStatus = true ; #define pmsDataLen 32 uint8_t buf[pmsDataLen]; int idx = 0; int pm25 = 0; uint16_t PM01Value=0; //define PM1.0 value of the air detector module uint16_t PM2_5Value=0; //define PM2.5 value of the air detector module uint16_t PM10Value=0; //define PM10 value of the air detector module int NDPyear, NDPmonth, NDPday, NDPhour, NDPminute, NDPsecond; LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 2, 1, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, POSITIVE); // 設定 LCD I2C 位址
void setup() { Serial.begin(9600);
mySerial.begin(9600); // PMS 3003 UART has baud rate 9600 lcd.begin(20, 4); // 初始化 LCD，一行 20 的字元，共 4 行，預設開啟背光 lcd.backlight(); // 開啟背光 // while(!Serial) ; WiFi.status(); //this method must be used for get MAC MacAddress = GetWifiMac() ; ShowMac() ; ShowDateTime() ;
}
void loop() { // run over and over idx = 0; memset(buf, 0, pmsDataLen);
while (mySerial.available()) { buf[idx++] = mySerial.read(); }
// check if data header is correct if (buf[0] == 0x42 && buf[1] == 0x4d) { pm25 = ( buf[12] << 8 ) | buf[13]; Serial.print(“pm2.5: “); Serial.print(pm25); Serial.println(” ug/m3″); ShowPM(pm25) ; } }
void ShowMac() { lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(“MAC:”); lcd.print(MacAddress);
}
void ShowDateTime() { lcd.setCursor(0, 2); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(StrDate()); lcd.setCursor(11, 2); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(StrTime()); // lcd.print();
}
String StrDate() { String ttt ; //nowT = now; DateTime now = RTC.now(); ttt = print4digits(now.year()) + “-” + print2digits(now.month()) + “-” + print2digits(now.day()) ; //ttt = print4digits(NDPyear) + “/” + print2digits(NDPmonth) + “/” + print2digits(NDPday) ; return ttt ; }
String StringDate(int yyy,int mmm,int ddd) { String ttt ; //nowT = now; ttt = print4digits(yyy) + “-” + print2digits(mmm) + “-” + print2digits(ddd) ; return ttt ; }
String StrTime() { String ttt ; // nowT = RTC.now(); DateTime now = RTC.now(); ttt = print2digits(now.hour()) + “:” + print2digits(now.minute()) + “:” + print2digits(now.second()) ; // ttt = print2digits(NDPhour) + “:” + print2digits(NDPminute) + “:” + print2digits(NDPsecond) ; return ttt ; }
String StringTime(int hhh,int mmm,int sss) { String ttt ; ttt = print2digits(hhh) + “:” + print2digits(mmm) + “:” + print2digits(sss) ; return ttt ; }
String GetWifiMac() { String tt ; String t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6 ; WiFi.macAddress(MacData);
Serial.print(“Mac:”); Serial.print(MacData[0],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[1],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[2],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[3],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[4],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[5],HEX) ; Serial.print(“~”);
t1 = print2HEX((int)MacData[0]); t2 = print2HEX((int)MacData[1]); t3 = print2HEX((int)MacData[2]); t4 = print2HEX((int)MacData[3]); t5 = print2HEX((int)MacData[4]); t6 = print2HEX((int)MacData[5]); tt = (t1+t2+t3+t4+t5+t6) ; Serial.print(tt); Serial.print(“\n”);
return tt ; } String print2HEX(int number) { String ttt ; if (number >= 0 && number < 16) { ttt = String(“0″) + String(number,HEX); } else { ttt = String(number,HEX); } return ttt ; } String print2digits(int number) { String ttt ; if (number >= 0 && number < 10) { ttt = String(“0″) + String(number); } else { ttt = String(number); } return ttt ; }
String print4digits(int number) { String ttt ; ttt = String(number); return ttt ; }
void ShowPM(int pp25) { lcd.setCursor(0, 3); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(” PM2.5: “); lcd.setCursor(9, 3); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(pp25);
} |
資料下載：https://github.com/brucetsao/makerdiwo/tree/master/201604/PMS3003AirQualityV51A
由於，我們可以連上網際網路，也可以讀取時鐘模組，所以我們可以顯示網路資訊與時間資訊。我們將下表之 PMS 3003 空氣懸浮粒子感測器測試程式一攥寫好之後，編譯完成後上傳到 Ameba 開發板。
（圖 1）PMS 3003 空氣懸浮粒子感測器測試程式一畫面結果
擴充 RTC 時鐘模組網路校時能力
由於 RTC 時鐘模組是一個可以信賴的即時時鐘模組，但是如果新安裝裝置、更換電池或地區變更等等，都必須要將空氣粒子感測裝置帶回原開發者的研究室方可以更正於 RTC 時鐘模組的時間，雖然 Ameba 開發版有強大的無線網路連接網際網路的能力，但是在六秒中，除了重新讀取空氣粒子感測裝置的資料，還必須完成許多其他的工作，這些都必須耗費 Ameba 開發版的時間，與無線網路連接網際網路取得時間的成本，這樣對一個完善的空氣粒子感測裝置，太耗費在無線網路連接網際網路取得時間的成本。
所以我們如果能將系統修正，在每一次空氣粒子感測裝置開機後，即使用無線網路連接網際網路取得時間，並動態校正 RTC 時鐘模組，往後的時間就完全依靠內部的 RTC 時鐘模組運作，如此空氣粒子感測裝置可以更加完備，所以我們修改上述程式來達到此功能。
我們將下表之整合空氣懸浮粒子感測器測試程式二攥寫好之後，編譯完成後上傳到 Ameba 開發板。
（表 3）整合空氣懸浮粒子感測器測試程式二
| 整合空氣懸浮粒子感測器測試程式二(PMS3003AirQualityV71A) |
| /*
This example demonstrate how to read pm2.5 value on PMS 3003 air condition sensor
PMS 3003 pin map is as follow: PIN1 :VCC, connect to 5V PIN2 :GND PIN3 :SET, 0:Standby mode, 1:operating mode PIN4 :RXD :Serial RX PIN5 :TXD :Serial TX PIN6 :RESET PIN7 :NC PIN8 :NC
In this example, we only use Serial to get PM 2.5 value.
The circuit: * RX is digital pin 0 (connect to TX of PMS 3003) * TX is digital pin 1 (connect to RX of PMS 3003)
*/ #include <math.h>
#define turnon HIGH #define turnoff LOW
#include “PMType.h” #include <WiFi.h> #include <WiFiUdp.h> #include <Wire.h> // Arduino IDE 內建 // LCD I2C Library，從這裡可以下載： // https://bitbucket.org/fmalpartida/new-liquidcrystal/downloads
#include “RTClib.h” RTC_DS1307 RTC; //DateTime nowT = RTC.now();
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> #include <SoftwareSerial.h>
uint8_t MacData[6];
SoftwareSerial mySerial(0, 1); // RX, TX char ssid[] = “TSAO”; // your network SSID (name) char pass[] = “TSAO1234″; // your network password #define MAX_CLIENT_ID_LEN 10 #define MAX_TOPIC_LEN 50 char clientId[MAX_CLIENT_ID_LEN]; char outTopic[MAX_TOPIC_LEN];
IPAddress Meip ,Megateway ,Mesubnet ; String MacAddress ; int status = WL_IDLE_STATUS; boolean ParticleSensorStatus = true ; WiFiUDP Udp;
const char ntpServer[] = “pool.ntp.org”; const long timeZoneOffset = 28800L; const int NTP_PACKET_SIZE = 48; // NTP time stamp is in the first 48 bytes of the message const byte nptSendPacket[ NTP_PACKET_SIZE] = { 0xE3, 0x00, 0x06, 0xEC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x31, 0x4E, 0x31, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; byte ntpRecvBuffer[ NTP_PACKET_SIZE ];
#define LEAP_YEAR(Y) ( ((1970+Y)>0) && !((1970+Y)%4) && ( ((1970+Y)0) || !((1970+Y)%400) ) ) static const uint8_t monthDays[]={31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}; // API starts months from 1, this array starts from 0 uint32_t epochSystem = 0; // timestamp of system boot up
#define pmsDataLen 32 uint8_t buf[pmsDataLen]; int idx = 0; int pm25 = 0; uint16_t PM2_5Value=0; //define PM2.5 value of the air detector module int NDPyear, NDPmonth, NDPday, NDPhour, NDPminute, NDPsecond; unsigned long epoch ; LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 2, 1, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, POSITIVE); // 設定 LCD I2C 位址
void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); mySerial.begin(9600); // PMS 3003 UART has baud rate 9600 lcd.begin(20, 4); // 初始化 LCD，一行 20 的字元，共 4 行，預設開啟背光 lcd.backlight(); // 開啟背光
MacAddress = GetWifiMac() ; ShowMac() ; initializeWiFi();
initRTC() ; ShowDateTime() ; delay(1500); }
void loop() { // run over and over ShowDateTime() ; retrievePM25Value() ; delay(1000); // delay 1 minute for next measurement
}
void ShowMac() { lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(“MAC:”); lcd.print(MacAddress);
}
void ShowInternetStatus() { lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // 設定游標位置 if (WiFi.status()) { Meip = WiFi.localIP(); lcd.print(“@:”); lcd.print(Meip);
} else { lcd.print(“DisConnected:”);
}
} void ShowPM25(int pp25) { lcd.setCursor(0, 3); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(“PM2.5: “); lcd.setCursor(9, 3); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(pp25);
}
void ShowDateTime() { // getCurrentTime(epoch, &NDPyear, &NDPmonth, &NDPday, &NDPhour, &NDPminute, &NDPsecond); lcd.setCursor(0, 2); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(StrDate()); lcd.setCursor(11, 2); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(StrTime()); // lcd.print();
}
String StrDate() { String ttt ; //nowT = now; DateTime now = RTC.now(); ttt = print4digits(now.year()) + “-” + print2digits(now.month()) + “-” + print2digits(now.day()) ; //ttt = print4digits(NDPyear) + “/” + print2digits(NDPmonth) + “/” + print2digits(NDPday) ; return ttt ; }
String StringDate(int yyy,int mmm,int ddd) { String ttt ; //nowT = now; ttt = print4digits(yyy) + “-” + print2digits(mmm) + “-” + print2digits(ddd) ; return ttt ; }
String StrTime() { String ttt ; // nowT = RTC.now(); DateTime now = RTC.now(); ttt = print2digits(now.hour()) + “:” + print2digits(now.minute()) + “:” + print2digits(now.second()) ; // ttt = print2digits(NDPhour) + “:” + print2digits(NDPminute) + “:” + print2digits(NDPsecond) ; return ttt ; }
String StringTime(int hhh,int mmm,int sss) { String ttt ; ttt = print2digits(hhh) + “:” + print2digits(mmm) + “:” + print2digits(sss) ; return ttt ; }
String GetWifiMac() { String tt ; String t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6 ; WiFi.status(); //this method must be used for get MAC WiFi.macAddress(MacData);
Serial.print(“Mac:”); Serial.print(MacData[0],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[1],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[2],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[3],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[4],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[5],HEX) ; Serial.print(“~”);
t1 = print2HEX((int)MacData[0]); t2 = print2HEX((int)MacData[1]); t3 = print2HEX((int)MacData[2]); t4 = print2HEX((int)MacData[3]); t5 = print2HEX((int)MacData[4]); t6 = print2HEX((int)MacData[5]); tt = (t1+t2+t3+t4+t5+t6) ; Serial.print(tt); Serial.print(“\n”);
return tt ; } String print2HEX(int number) { String ttt ; if (number >= 0 && number < 16) { ttt = String(“0″) + String(number,HEX); } else { ttt = String(number,HEX); } return ttt ; } String print2digits(int number) { String ttt ; if (number >= 0 && number < 10) { ttt = String(“0″) + String(number); } else { ttt = String(number); } return ttt ; }
String print4digits(int number) { String ttt ; ttt = String(number); return ttt ; }
// send an NTP request to the time server at the given address void retrieveNtpTime() { Serial.println(“Send NTP packet”);
Udp.beginPacket(ntpServer, 123); //NTP requests are to port 123 Udp.write(nptSendPacket, NTP_PACKET_SIZE); Udp.endPacket();
if(Udp.parsePacket()) { Serial.println(“NTP packet received”); Udp.read(ntpRecvBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE); // read the packet into the buffer
unsigned long highWord = word(ntpRecvBuffer[40], ntpRecvBuffer[41]); unsigned long lowWord = word(ntpRecvBuffer[42], ntpRecvBuffer[43]); unsigned long secsSince1900 = highWord << 16 | lowWord; const unsigned long seventyYears = 2208988800UL; // epoch = secsSince1900 – seventyYears + timeZoneOffset ; epoch = secsSince1900 – seventyYears ;
epochSystem = epoch – millis() / 1000; } }
void getCurrentTime(unsigned long epoch, int *year, int *month, int *day, int *hour, int *minute, int *second) { int tempDay = 0;
*hour = (epoch % 86400L) / 3600; *minute = (epoch % 3600) / 60; *second = epoch % 60;
*year = 1970; *month = 0; *day = epoch / 86400;
for (*year = 1970; ; (*year)++) { if (tempDay + (LEAP_YEAR(*year) ? 366 : 365) > *day) { break; } else { tempDay += (LEAP_YEAR(*year) ? 366 : 365); } } tempDay = *day – tempDay; // the days left in a year for ((*month) = 0; (*month) < 12; (*month)++) { if ((*month) == 1) { if (LEAP_YEAR(*year)) { if (tempDay – 29 < 0) { break; } else { tempDay -= 29; } } else { if (tempDay – 28 < 0) { break; } else { tempDay -= 28; } } } else { if (tempDay – monthDays[(*month)] < 0) { break; } else { tempDay -= monthDays[(*month)]; } } } (*month)++; *day = tempDay+2; // one for base 1, one for current day }
void retrievePM25Value() { int idx; bool hasPm25Value = false; int timeout = 200; while (!hasPm25Value) { idx = 0; memset(buf, 0, pmsDataLen); while (mySerial.available()) { buf[idx++] = mySerial.read(); }
if (buf[0] == 0x42 && buf[1] == 0x4d) { pm25 = ( buf[12] << 8 ) | buf[13]; Serial.print(“pm2.5: “); Serial.print(pm25); Serial.print(” ug/m3″); Serial.println(“”); hasPm25Value = true; ShowPM25(pm25) ; } timeout–; if (timeout < 0) { Serial.println(“fail to get pm2.5 data”); break; } } }
void initializeWiFi() { while (status != WL_CONNECTED) { Serial.print(“Attempting to connect to SSID: “); Serial.println(ssid); // Connect to WPA/WPA2 network. Change this line if using open or WEP network: status = WiFi.begin(ssid, pass); // status = WiFi.begin(ssid);
// wait 10 seconds for connection: delay(10000); }
// local port to listen for UDP packets Udp.begin(2390); }
void printWifiData() { // print your WiFi shield’s IP address: Meip = WiFi.localIP(); Serial.print(“IP Address: “); Serial.println(Meip);
// print your MAC address: byte mac[6]; WiFi.macAddress(mac); Serial.print(“MAC address: “); Serial.print(mac[5], HEX); Serial.print(“:”); Serial.print(mac[4], HEX); Serial.print(“:”); Serial.print(mac[3], HEX); Serial.print(“:”); Serial.print(mac[2], HEX); Serial.print(“:”); Serial.print(mac[1], HEX); Serial.print(“:”); Serial.println(mac[0], HEX);
// print your subnet mask: Mesubnet = WiFi.subnetMask(); Serial.print(“NetMask: “); Serial.println(Mesubnet);
// print your gateway address: Megateway = WiFi.gatewayIP(); Serial.print(“Gateway: “); Serial.println(Megateway); }
void initRTC() { Wire.begin(); RTC.begin(); SetRTCFromNtpTime() ; if (! RTC.isrunning()) { Serial.println(“RTC is NOT running!”); // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled // RTC.adjust(DateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__));
} } void SetRTCFromNtpTime() { retrieveNtpTime(); //DateTime ttt; getCurrentTime(epoch+timeZoneOffset, &NDPyear, &NDPmonth, &NDPday, &NDPhour, &NDPminute, &NDPsecond); //ttt->year = NDPyear ; Serial.print(“NDP Date is :”); Serial.print(StringDate(NDPyear,NDPmonth,NDPday)); Serial.print(“and “); Serial.print(“NDP Time is :”); Serial.print(StringTime(NDPhour,NDPminute,NDPsecond)); Serial.print(“\n”);
RTC.adjust(DateTime(epoch+timeZoneOffset));
} |
資料下載：https://github.com/brucetsao/makerdiwo/tree/master/201604/ PMS3003AirQualityV71A
由於空氣粒子感測裝置每次開機時，我們可以連上網際網路，使用無線網路連接網際網路取得時間，並動態校正 RTC 時鐘模組，往後的時間就完全依靠內部的 RTC 時鐘模組運作。
（圖 2-a）開發 IDE 監控畫面
（圖 2-b）校時之後空氣粒子感測裝置 LCD 顯示畫面
擴充溫溼度感測器
由於完整的空氣粒子感測裝置除了偵測空氣中懸浮微粒的濃度，基本的溫溼度資訊也是必需的需求，所以我們加入溫溼度感測器模組。
（圖 2）安裝溫溼度感測器
請讀者依照下表之接腳表，進行電路組立。
（表 4）溫溼度感測器接腳表（累加接腳表）
我們將下表之整合空氣懸浮粒子感測器測試程式三攥寫好之後，編譯完成後上傳到 Ameba 開發板。
（表 5）整合空氣懸浮粒子感測器測試程式三
| 整合空氣懸浮粒子感測器測試程式三(PMS3003AirQualityV81A) |
| /*
This example demonstrate how to read pm2.5 value on PMS 3003 air condition sensor
PMS 3003 pin map is as follow: PIN1 :VCC, connect to 5V PIN2 :GND PIN3 :SET, 0:Standby mode, 1:operating mode PIN4 :RXD :Serial RX PIN5 :TXD :Serial TX PIN6 :RESET PIN7 :NC PIN8 :NC
In this example, we only use Serial to get PM 2.5 value.
The circuit: * RX is digital pin 0 (connect to TX of PMS 3003) * TX is digital pin 1 (connect to RX of PMS 3003)
*/ #include <math.h>
#define turnon HIGH #define turnoff LOW #define DHTSensorPin 7
#include “PMType.h” #include <WiFi.h> #include <WiFiUdp.h> #include <Wire.h> // Arduino IDE 內建 // LCD I2C Library，從這裡可以下載： // https://bitbucket.org/fmalpartida/new-liquidcrystal/downloads
#include “RTClib.h” RTC_DS1307 RTC; //DateTime nowT = RTC.now(); #include “DHT.h” // Uncomment whatever type you’re using! //#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11 #define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT 22 (AM2302), AM2321 //#define DHTTYPE DHT21 // DHT 21 (AM2301)
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> #include <SoftwareSerial.h>
uint8_t MacData[6];
SoftwareSerial mySerial(0, 1); // RX, TX char ssid[] = “TSAO”; // your network SSID (name) char pass[] = “TSAO1234″; // your network password #define MAX_CLIENT_ID_LEN 10 #define MAX_TOPIC_LEN 50 char clientId[MAX_CLIENT_ID_LEN]; char outTopic[MAX_TOPIC_LEN];
IPAddress Meip ,Megateway ,Mesubnet ; String MacAddress ; int status = WL_IDLE_STATUS; boolean ParticleSensorStatus = true ; WiFiUDP Udp;
const char ntpServer[] = “pool.ntp.org”; const long timeZoneOffset = 28800L; const int NTP_PACKET_SIZE = 48; // NTP time stamp is in the first 48 bytes of the message const byte nptSendPacket[ NTP_PACKET_SIZE] = { 0xE3, 0x00, 0x06, 0xEC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x31, 0x4E, 0x31, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; byte ntpRecvBuffer[ NTP_PACKET_SIZE ];
#define LEAP_YEAR(Y) ( ((1970+Y)>0) && !((1970+Y)%4) && ( ((1970+Y)0) || !((1970+Y)%400) ) ) static const uint8_t monthDays[]={31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}; // API starts months from 1, this array starts from 0 uint32_t epochSystem = 0; // timestamp of system boot up
#define pmsDataLen 32 uint8_t buf[pmsDataLen]; int idx = 0; int pm25 = 0; uint16_t PM2_5Value=0; //define PM2.5 value of the air detector module int NDPyear, NDPmonth, NDPday, NDPhour, NDPminute, NDPsecond; unsigned long epoch ; int HumidityData = 0 ; int TemperatureData = 0 ;
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 2, 1, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, POSITIVE); // 設定 LCD I2C 位址 DHT dht(DHTSensorPin, DHTTYPE);
void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); mySerial.begin(9600); // PMS 3003 UART has baud rate 9600 lcd.begin(20, 4); // 初始化 LCD，一行 20 的字元，共 4 行，預設開啟背光 lcd.backlight(); // 開啟背光
MacAddress = GetWifiMac() ; ShowMac() ; initializeWiFi();
initRTC() ; ShowDateTime() ; ShowInternetStatus() ; delay(1500); }
void loop() { // run over and over ShowDateTime() ; retrievePM25Value() ; ShowHumidity() ; delay(1000); // delay 1 minute for next measurement
}
void ShowMac() { lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(“MAC:”); lcd.print(MacAddress);
}
void ShowInternetStatus() { lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // 設定游標位置 if (WiFi.status()) { Meip = WiFi.localIP(); lcd.print(“@:”); lcd.print(Meip);
} else { lcd.print(“DisConnected:”);
}
} void ShowPM25(int pp25) { lcd.setCursor(0, 3); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(“PM2.5: “); lcd.setCursor(9, 3); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(pp25);
}
void ShowDateTime() { // getCurrentTime(epoch, &NDPyear, &NDPmonth, &NDPday, &NDPhour, &NDPminute, &NDPsecond); lcd.setCursor(0, 2); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(StrDate()); lcd.setCursor(11, 2); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print(StrTime()); // lcd.print();
}
String StrDate() { String ttt ; //nowT = now; DateTime now = RTC.now(); ttt = print4digits(now.year()) + “-” + print2digits(now.month()) + “-” + print2digits(now.day()) ; //ttt = print4digits(NDPyear) + “/” + print2digits(NDPmonth) + “/” + print2digits(NDPday) ; return ttt ; }
String StringDate(int yyy,int mmm,int ddd) { String ttt ; //nowT = now; ttt = print4digits(yyy) + “-” + print2digits(mmm) + “-” + print2digits(ddd) ; return ttt ; }
String StrTime() { String ttt ; // nowT = RTC.now(); DateTime now = RTC.now(); ttt = print2digits(now.hour()) + “:” + print2digits(now.minute()) + “:” + print2digits(now.second()) ; // ttt = print2digits(NDPhour) + “:” + print2digits(NDPminute) + “:” + print2digits(NDPsecond) ; return ttt ; }
String StringTime(int hhh,int mmm,int sss) { String ttt ; ttt = print2digits(hhh) + “:” + print2digits(mmm) + “:” + print2digits(sss) ; return ttt ; }
String GetWifiMac() { String tt ; String t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6 ; WiFi.status(); //this method must be used for get MAC WiFi.macAddress(MacData);
Serial.print(“Mac:”); Serial.print(MacData[0],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[1],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[2],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[3],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[4],HEX) ; Serial.print(“/”); Serial.print(MacData[5],HEX) ; Serial.print(“~”);
t1 = print2HEX((int)MacData[0]); t2 = print2HEX((int)MacData[1]); t3 = print2HEX((int)MacData[2]); t4 = print2HEX((int)MacData[3]); t5 = print2HEX((int)MacData[4]); t6 = print2HEX((int)MacData[5]); tt = (t1+t2+t3+t4+t5+t6) ; Serial.print(tt); Serial.print(“\n”);
return tt ; } String print2HEX(int number) { String ttt ; if (number >= 0 && number < 16) { ttt = String(“0″) + String(number,HEX); } else { ttt = String(number,HEX); } return ttt ; } String print2digits(int number) { String ttt ; if (number >= 0 && number < 10) { ttt = String(“0″) + String(number); } else { ttt = String(number); } return ttt ; }
String print4digits(int number) { String ttt ; ttt = String(number); return ttt ; }
// send an NTP request to the time server at the given address void retrieveNtpTime() { Serial.println(“Send NTP packet”);
Udp.beginPacket(ntpServer, 123); //NTP requests are to port 123 Udp.write(nptSendPacket, NTP_PACKET_SIZE); Udp.endPacket();
if(Udp.parsePacket()) { Serial.println(“NTP packet received”); Udp.read(ntpRecvBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE); // read the packet into the buffer
unsigned long highWord = word(ntpRecvBuffer[40], ntpRecvBuffer[41]); unsigned long lowWord = word(ntpRecvBuffer[42], ntpRecvBuffer[43]); unsigned long secsSince1900 = highWord << 16 | lowWord; const unsigned long seventyYears = 2208988800UL; // epoch = secsSince1900 – seventyYears + timeZoneOffset ; epoch = secsSince1900 – seventyYears ;
epochSystem = epoch – millis() / 1000; } }
void getCurrentTime(unsigned long epoch, int *year, int *month, int *day, int *hour, int *minute, int *second) { int tempDay = 0;
*hour = (epoch % 86400L) / 3600; *minute = (epoch % 3600) / 60; *second = epoch % 60;
*year = 1970; *month = 0; *day = epoch / 86400;
for (*year = 1970; ; (*year)++) { if (tempDay + (LEAP_YEAR(*year) ? 366 : 365) > *day) { break; } else { tempDay += (LEAP_YEAR(*year) ? 366 : 365); } } tempDay = *day – tempDay; // the days left in a year for ((*month) = 0; (*month) < 12; (*month)++) { if ((*month) == 1) { if (LEAP_YEAR(*year)) { if (tempDay – 29 < 0) { break; } else { tempDay -= 29; } } else { if (tempDay – 28 < 0) { break; } else { tempDay -= 28; } } } else { if (tempDay – monthDays[(*month)] < 0) { break; } else { tempDay -= monthDays[(*month)]; } } } (*month)++; *day = tempDay+2; // one for base 1, one for current day }
void retrievePM25Value() { int idx; bool hasPm25Value = false; int timeout = 200; while (!hasPm25Value) { idx = 0; memset(buf, 0, pmsDataLen); while (mySerial.available()) { buf[idx++] = mySerial.read(); }
if (buf[0] == 0x42 && buf[1] == 0x4d) { pm25 = ( buf[12] << 8 ) | buf[13]; Serial.print(“pm2.5: “); Serial.print(pm25); Serial.print(” ug/m3″); Serial.println(“”); hasPm25Value = true; ShowPM25(pm25) ; } timeout–; if (timeout < 0) { Serial.println(“fail to get pm2.5 data”); break; } } }
void initializeWiFi() { while (status != WL_CONNECTED) { Serial.print(“Attempting to connect to SSID: “); Serial.println(ssid); // Connect to WPA/WPA2 network. Change this line if using open or WEP network: status = WiFi.begin(ssid, pass); // status = WiFi.begin(ssid);
// wait 10 seconds for connection: delay(10000); }
// local port to listen for UDP packets Udp.begin(2390); }
void printWifiData() { // print your WiFi shield’s IP address: Meip = WiFi.localIP(); Serial.print(“IP Address: “); Serial.println(Meip);
// print your MAC address: byte mac[6]; WiFi.macAddress(mac); Serial.print(“MAC address: “); Serial.print(mac[5], HEX); Serial.print(“:”); Serial.print(mac[4], HEX); Serial.print(“:”); Serial.print(mac[3], HEX); Serial.print(“:”); Serial.print(mac[2], HEX); Serial.print(“:”); Serial.print(mac[1], HEX); Serial.print(“:”); Serial.println(mac[0], HEX);
// print your subnet mask: Mesubnet = WiFi.subnetMask(); Serial.print(“NetMask: “); Serial.println(Mesubnet);
// print your gateway address: Megateway = WiFi.gatewayIP(); Serial.print(“Gateway: “); Serial.println(Megateway); }
void initRTC() { Wire.begin(); RTC.begin(); SetRTCFromNtpTime() ; if (! RTC.isrunning()) { Serial.println(“RTC is NOT running!”); // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled // RTC.adjust(DateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__));
} } void SetRTCFromNtpTime() { retrieveNtpTime(); //DateTime ttt; getCurrentTime(epoch+timeZoneOffset, &NDPyear, &NDPmonth, &NDPday, &NDPhour, &NDPminute, &NDPsecond); //ttt->year = NDPyear ; Serial.print(“NDP Date is :”); Serial.print(StringDate(NDPyear,NDPmonth,NDPday)); Serial.print(“and “); Serial.print(“NDP Time is :”); Serial.print(StringTime(NDPhour,NDPminute,NDPsecond)); Serial.print(“\n”);
RTC.adjust(DateTime(epoch+timeZoneOffset));
} void ShowHumidity() { float h = dht.readHumidity(); // Read temperature as Celsius (the default) float t = dht.readTemperature(); // Read temperature as Fahrenheit (isFahrenheit = true) float f = dht.readTemperature(true); HumidityData = (int)h ; TemperatureData = (int)t ; Serial.print(“Humidity :”) ; Serial.print(h) ; Serial.print(“% /”) ; Serial.print(t) ; Serial.print(“C \n”) ; // Check if any reads failed and exit early (to try again). if (isnan(h) || isnan(t) || isnan(f)) { Serial.println(“Failed to read from DHT sensor!”); return; } lcd.setCursor(11, 3); // 設定游標位置在第一行行首 lcd.print((int)h); lcd.print(“% “); lcd.print((int)t);
}
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資料下載：https://github.com/brucetsao/makerdiwo/tree/master/201604/ PMS3003AirQualityV81A
我們可以連上網際網路，也可以偵測 PM 2.5 的空氣懸浮粒子、PM 1.0 的空氣懸浮粒子 & PM 10 的空氣懸浮粒子，溫度、濕度都也可以偵測到值。
（圖 3-a）讀取完整溫溼度等資料之開發 IDE 監控畫面
（圖 3-b）空氣粒子感測裝置完整資訊之 LCD 顯示畫面
本文為『PM2.5空氣感測器』系列第四篇：電路設計下篇，主要介紹如何將 PM 2.5 空氣感測器加入 RTC 時鐘模組，溫溼度感測模組，並將『PM2.5空氣感測器』系列第三篇：電路設計上篇與本篇文章一同閱讀與整合，逐一完成 PM 2.5 空氣感測器的電路安裝。
後續筆者還會繼續發表『PM2.5空氣感測器』系列的文章，讓我們在未來可以創造出更優質、智慧化的家庭。
參考資料：
- 曹永忠. (2016a). AMEBA透過網路校時RTC時鐘模組. 智慧家庭. Retrieved fromhttp://makerpro.cc/2016/03/using-ameba-to-develop-a-timing-controlling-device-via-internet/
- 曹永忠. (2016b). 用RTC時鐘模組驅動Ameba時間功能. 智慧家庭. Retrieved fromhttp://makerpro.cc/2016/03/drive-ameba-time-function-by-rtc-module/
- 曹永忠. (2016c). 智慧家庭：PM2.5 空氣感測器（感測器篇）. 智慧家庭. Retrieved fromhttp://vmaker.tw/project/view/695
- 曹永忠. (2016d). 智慧家庭：PM2.5空氣感測器（硬體組裝上篇）. 智慧家庭. Retrieved from http://vmaker.tw/project/view/749
- 曹永忠. (2016e). 智慧家庭：PM2.5空氣感測器（硬體組裝下篇）. 智慧家庭. Retrieved from http://vmaker.tw/project/view/772
- 曹永忠. (2016f). 智慧家庭：PM2.5空氣感測器（電路設計上篇）. 智慧家庭. Retrieved from http://vmaker.tw/project/view/817
- 曹永忠. (2016g). 實戰ARDUINO的RTC時鐘模組，教你怎麼進行網路校時. Retrieved from http://www.techbang.com/posts/40869-smart-home-arduino-internet-soul-internet-school
- 曹永忠, 許智誠, & 蔡英德. (2015a). Ameba 空气粒子感测装置设计与开发(MQTT篇):Using Ameba to Develop a PM 2.5 Monitoring Device to MQTT (初版 ed.). 台湾、彰化: 渥瑪數位有限公司.
- 曹永忠, 許智誠, & 蔡英德. (2015b). Ameba 空氣粒子感測裝置設計與開發(MQTT篇)):Using Ameba to Develop a PM 2.5 Monitoring Device to MQTT (初版 ed.). 台湾、彰化: 渥瑪數位有限公司.
- 曹永忠, 許智誠, & 蔡英德. (2015c). Maker物聯網實作：用DHx溫濕度感測模組回傳天氣溫溼度. 物聯網. Retrieved from http://www.techbang.com/posts/26208-the-internet-of-things-daily-life-how-to-know-the-temperature-and-humidity